Present article highlights on the nanotechnology based intranasal drug delivery system for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Furthermore, consequences of AD, transportation mechanism, clinical updates and recent patents have been discussed. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.In the Fall of 1999 we presented at medical "Grand Rounds" to a number of Infectious Diseases physicians at Vancouver General Hospital about the co-administration of several antifungal agents in the treatment of systemic fungal infections to patients whom were immunocompromised (i.e. cancer patients, patients waiting organ transplantation, HIV/AIDs patients etc.). During the presentation a physician from the back of room called out "can you develop an oral formulation of amphotericin B which could be effective and not have the side-effects associated with the parenteral formulations of the drug". The physician stated that an oral formulation would be a big step forward, improving patient compliance, help in pre-treatment without having to admit patients into the hospital prior to organ transplantation and be cost-effective. Initially, I responded to the physician, that it would not be possible to develop an oral amphotericin B formulation that could be absorbed from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract in a high enough concentration to be effective in treating blood-borne fungal infections and yet remain non-toxic due to the physical chemical properties of the drug. However, as I travelled back to my lab from the meeting, it struck me that our understanding on how lipids had been processed and orally absorbed from the GI had advanced to the point the maybe incorporating amphotericin B into such lipids might work. Within several years our laboratory was able to develop a novel oral amphotericin B formulation that was indeed effective in treating systemic fungal infections without the side-effects associated with the drug in a variety of fungal animal models. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.BACKGROUND Psoriasis is a chronic immune mediated skin disorder with global prevalence of 0.2-11.4%. Despite rare mortality, the severity of the disease could be understood by the accompanying co-morbidities, that has even led to psychological problems among several patients. The cause and the disease mechanism still remain elusive. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/DAPT-GSI-IX.html OBJECTIVE To identify potential therapeutic targets and affecting pathways for better insight of the disease pathogenesis. METHOD The gene expression profile GSE13355 and GSE14905 were retrieved from NCBI, Gene Expression Omnibus database. The GEO profiles were integrated and the DEGs of lesional and non-lesional psoriasis skin were identified using the affy package in R software. The Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes pathways of the DEGs were analyzed using clusterProfiler. Cytoscape, V3.7.1 was utilized to construct protein interaction network and analyze the interactome map of candidate proteins encoded in DEGs. Functionally relevant clusters were detected through Cytohu, moreover the hub genes could be explored as potential therapeutic targets for psoriasis. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.The integrin family receptors stimulate the cellular proliferation and migration through the focal adhesion pathway by the activation of PTK2, VASP and TSP1 proteins. The purpose of this study was to investigate the integrin-ligated motifs through the activation of focal adhesion pathway. A chimeric peptide was predicted from the integrin-mediated ligands by bioinformatics tools. The VSMCs were treated with the chimeric peptide and simvastatin. The PTK2, VASP and TSP1 protein and gene expression levels were measured by RT-qPCR and Western Blotting techniques, respectively. AutoDock Tools were used for the docking technique. The PTK2, VASP and TSP1 protein expression levels increased significantly in the VSMCs treated with chimeric peptide in conversely with the effects of simvastatin. The docking results suggested two motifs in the chimeric peptide. In conclusion, the chimeric peptide activated the focal adhesion pathway. The motifs 1 and 2 may be directly involved in the transduction of signal by integrin family receptors. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.BACKGROUND Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) is a monomer with silicon structure and an internal nanometric cage. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to provide an injectable hydrogel that can be easily located in open or closed bone fractures and injuries, as well as reduce the possible risks of infections caused by bone graft either as an allograft or autograph. METHODS Various formulations of the temperature sensitive hydrogels, containing hydroxyapatite, Gelrite, POSS and platelets rich plasma (PRP), as co-gelling agent and cell growth enhancer, were prepared. The hydrogels were characterized for their injectability, gelation time, phase transition temperature and viscosity. The other physical properties of the optimized formulation including mechanical properties like compressive stress, compressive strain and Young's modulus, rheometrical parameter including; storage and loss modulus, swelling ratio, biodegradation behavior and cell toxicity were studied on human osteoblasts MG-63 cells. The alizarin red tests were conducted to study the qualitative and quantitative osteogenic capability of the designed scaffold and the cell adhesion to the scaffold was visualized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). RESULTS The results demonstrated that the hydrogel scaffold mechanical force and injectability were 3.34±0.44 Mpa and 12.57 N, respectively. This scaffold showed the higher calcium granules production in alizarin red staining compared to the control group. The cells proliferation in G4.5H1P0.03PRP10 formulation was significantly higher than the other formulations (p less then 0.05). CONCLUSION The optimized Gelrite/Hydroxyapatite/POSS/PRP hydrogel scaffold displayed useful impacts on osteoblasts activity, and may be beneficial for local drug delivery in complications including break or bone loss. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.